There are many people who suffer from hypertension and are concerned about the possibility of developing it as they age. I would like to alleviate some of their concerns.
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, refers to a condition where the blood pressure within the arteries exceeds the normal range. Blood pressure represents the force exerted by blood against the walls of the arteries during the contraction and relaxation of the heart. While high blood pressure may seem harmless on its own, it can impose strain on the cardiovascular system when it persists over a prolonged period. This can lead to various health issues such as cardiovascular disease, kidney problems, and stroke.
Hypertension is often referred to as the "silent killer" because it usually does not present noticeable symptoms. Some individuals may experience symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, shortness of breath, or lightheadedness, but these may not appear until severe complications of hypertension arise.
The criteria for diagnosing hypertension typically rely on blood pressure measurements obtained using a blood pressure cuff, commonly found in hospitals or even public institutions. It is important to measure blood pressure in a calm state, without movement, and in a comfortable posture. Blood pressure is expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and consists of two values: systolic blood pressure (the higher value during heart contraction) and diastolic blood pressure (the lower value during heart relaxation).
Internationally recognized guidelines for hypertension diagnosis and classification were established in 2017 by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA). According to these guidelines, hypertension is classified as follows:
Normal blood pressure:
Systolic blood pressure 120 mmHg or below
Diastolic blood pressure 80 mmHg or below
Elevated blood pressure:
Systolic blood pressure between 120-129 mmHg
Diastolic blood pressure 80 mmHg or below
Stage 1 hypertension:
Systolic blood pressure between 130-139 mmHg
Diastolic blood pressure between 80-89 mmHg
Stage 2 hypertension:
Systolic blood pressure 140 mmHg or above
Diastolic blood pressure 90 mmHg or above
Once diagnosed with hypertension, it is essential to continuously monitor blood pressure in daily life and undergo appropriate treatment and management under the guidance of healthcare professionals.
The causes of hypertension are diverse, including a combination of individual lifestyle factors, genetic predisposition, and environmental influences. The following are some of the main causes of hypertension:
Family history and genetic factors: Having a family history of hypertension increases the risk of developing the condition. Genetic variations may also contribute to hypertension.
Obesity: Excessive body weight is a significant risk factor for hypertension. Increased body fat can disrupt blood pressure regulation and exert additional pressure on blood vessel walls.
Unhealthy diet: Consuming high-calorie foods, high-fat foods, and excessive sodium can increase the risk of developing hypertension. These dietary habits can contribute to arterial stiffness and elevated blood pressure.
Lack of physical activity: Insufficient physical activity can increase the risk of developing hypertension. Regular aerobic exercise and strength training can help regulate blood pressure.
Stress: Prolonged stress can affect blood pressure. Hormonal changes and increased vasoconstriction during stressful situations can contribute to the development of hypertension.
Alcohol and tobacco: Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking can increase the risk of hypertension. Alcohol can raise blood pressure, while chemicals in cigarette smoke can damage blood vessels and raise blood pressure.
Other factors: Aging, diabetes, kidney disease, hormonal abnormalities, and liver disease can also contribute to the development of hypertension.
Hypertension often results from a complex interaction of multiple factors. It is crucial to reduce the risk of hypertension and maintain healthy blood pressure by improving lifestyle habits, adopting a healthy diet, maintaining a suitable body weight, engaging in regular physical activity, managing stress, and avoiding excessive alcohol consumption and smoking.
Management of hypertension includes maintaining a healthy diet, managing body weight, engaging in regular exercise, limiting sodium intake, avoiding alcohol and tobacco, managing stress, and regularly monitoring blood pressure. It is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management and guidance from healthcare professionals. Visiting a nearby hospital, finding the most suitable hypertension management methods, and making consistent efforts to maintain healthy blood pressure are essential.
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